What is meant by "site characterization" in the context of hazardous materials?

Site characterization refers to the comprehensive process aimed at understanding the physical and chemical properties of a hazardous materials site. This includes not only identifying the types of hazardous substances present but also assessing the conditions of the site, such as geology, hydrology, and the potential pathways through which contaminants could migrate. Proper site characterization is essential for effective risk assessment and remediation planning. It forms the foundation for subsequent actions, including remediation strategies, safety measures, and regulatory compliance efforts.

In this context, options that focus on specific aspects, like sampling methods or contamination extent, represent components of the broader site characterization process. However, the fundamental aim of site characterization is to create an overall profile of the site, making it crucial for ensuring safety and informing appropriate responses to hazardous material concerns. The option about communicating hazards deals with public safety but does not encapsulate the core definition of site characterization itself.